Self-Organisation Shapes Travel Behaviours and Social Exclusion in Deprived Urban Neighbourhoods of China by Joseph Cho-yam Lau

Author:Joseph Cho-yam Lau
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9789811522529
Publisher: Springer Singapore

4.7.4 Low Educational Attainment Interacts with Actions to Produce Women’s Low-Income

All of the migrant respondents lived in poverty as a result of the hukou system. However, the men earned a higher level of income than the women because of the differences in their educational attainment. The low educational attainment of the women constrained their ability to earn an adequate income and afford fast transport modes to reach employment opportunities. China’s traditional culture is based on Confucianism, which stresses the patriarchal role of men. The cultural pressure of son preference in Chinese families determines the dominant status male migrant workers in terms of education. In poor rural communities, girls never receive more education than boys. As a result, the women respondents had a lower educational attainment than the men, and the women earned a lower income than the men. As a result, the women could not afford to take fast transport modes to each employment opportunities.

According to the regression figures, the monthly income variable is significantly related to mode choice. On average, the surveyed men earned a higher income than the women. The men also travelled longer distances to reach employment than the women. Thus, some of the men tended to use faster transport modes for long-distance work trips than the women did; for example, they took buses and motorcycles (Figs. 4.9 and 4.10). The regression results confirmed the self-organisation process (such as the interaction between the educational attainment and individual decisions of the migrant respondents), which had produced new travel behaviours, including the male respondents being able to afford to take faster transport modes than the female respondents.

Download

Copyright Disclaimer:
This site does not store any files on its server. We only index and link to content provided by other sites. Please contact the content providers to delete copyright contents if any and email us, we'll remove relevant links or contents immediately.